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Mankind’s constant struggle with physical as well as mental weaknesses is omnipresent in ancient literature: misconduct, wrongdoing, failure and experiences of contingency are anthropological phenomena. Ancient ethics, epistemology, and natural philosophy have developed different theoretical approaches and guidelines on how to act and how to overcome all kinds of problems. Christian theology, on the other hand, has explained moral failure as a symptom of original sin, comparing decline and destruction to a burden from which mankind is relieved only at the end. The contributions explore how ancient philosophical texts, both pagan and Christian, explain, conceptualize and integrate the myriad manifestations of human fallibility into the different philosophical schools. The focus is on anthropological, ontological and theological concepts that analyse and reflect human fallibility, as well as on the textual and linguistic representation of the phenomenon in ancient literature. Several contributions in the volume explore literary texts that discuss or illustrate the philosophical dimension of fallibility, such as satire’s or tragedy’s (often exaggerated) depiction of human weakness.
From antiquity and late antiquity to the Middle Ages and modern times, commentary on Aristotle's writings has been one of the fundamental forms of philosophical activity. This anthology uses selected examples to analyse and interpret key stages of the Greek commentary tradition on Aristotle's writings and their philosophical and cultural-historical significance. The authors analyse both the manuscripts and the transmission of individual writings as well as the reception and further development of Aristotle's philosophy.
The core of the contributions collected here are based on the three-day international conference "Aristotle's Commentaries and their Transmission in Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance" (26-28 October 2017), which took place at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures at the University of Hamburg thanks to the support of the Karl and Gertrud Abel Foundation.
Aristotle’s work "On Generation of Animals" is fascinating. By integrating empirical facts into contexts of justification and by explaining reproduction in the framework of his general theory Aristotle wrote a biological ‘masterpiece’. At the same time it raises many issues because due to the difficulty of the subject under investigation (for example, the egg-cell had not yet been discovered) the theory is complex and often speculative.
The contributions in this volume resulting from a conference held in Marburg in 2018 study the challenging writing from various perspectives. They examine the structure of the work, the method and the manner of writing, its relation to other writings, and its scientific context. By investigating the underlying philosophical concepts and their relation to the empirical research offered in "On Generation of Animals" the contributions also try to solve puzzles which Aristotle’s explanation of the role of male and female offers as well as his idea of embryogenesis. An outlook for the history of reception rounds off the volume.
This volume brings together contributions from an international conference on the central stages of pre-Socratic reception: from Plato, Aristotle, and authors from the Hellenistic period and the age of the Roman Empire, to the Renaissance and the present day. The studies take a reception-based approach and trace the various functions that references to the pre-Socratics performed in the reception context under examination.
This volume presents the first Italian translation with commentary of the Doric Pseudo-Pythagorean texts, which are ascribed to Archytas and Brontinus and deal with metaphysical, logical, and epistemological questions. These texts probably date from the 1st century BCE and are the product of a re-emerging dogmatic interpretation of Plato's dialogues.
Il volume offre la prima traduzione italiana, corredata da commentario, di alcuni trattati appartenenti al corpus pseudopitagorico dorico attribuiti ad Archita e a Brotino nei quali vengono affrontate questioni metafisiche, logiche ed epistemologiche. L'analisi svolta ha permesso di inquadrare i testi tradotti e commentati intorno al 1 secolo a.C., nel contesto di una rinascente interpretazione dogmatica di Platone.
This volume compiles interdisciplinary papers by international scholars on the theme of journeys of the soul and katabasis in antiquity. Drawing upon the research literature on the nature of the world beyond, journeys of the soul, and journeys to Hades, these essays expand the perspective to explore philosophical issues and contextualize them in relation to current research discourse.
The volume compiles papers presented at an international conference on Aristotle’s Parva naturalia, a collection of small works on diverse biological and physiological issues. Along with an interpretation of specific aspects, the essays examine the relationship of these writings to Aristotle’s other works on biology and their later reception up to the Renaissance, and also propose new interpretations.
This book argues that the main focus of the life and work of Aristotle was on the natural sciences. Of central importance are his scientific expeditions, which can be reconstructed from scattered geographical statements. Comparison with modern biology confirms the empirical nature of his biological writings, and the philological approach taken here offers a corrective against premature philosophical systematizing.
This volume uses prominent case examples to examine the amalgam of exegetical and philosophical interests that characterize the literature of Neoplatonist commentary in late antiquity. The essays consistently reveal the linguistic difficulties encountered by the commentators due to the complex relationship between Platonic and Aristotelian theory.
The present volume attends to the history of Aristotle’s text called ”Metaphysics“ in the Latin Middle Ages. At the same time, the historical reception of the Aristotelian metaphysics in the Middle Ages in its significance for the metaphysical thought itself in its Aristotelian comprehension and with regard to its criticism is examined as well as with respect to its relation to the way Christianity sees itself.
This volume is a compilation of essays devoted to a phenomenon that is characteristic of the Roman Imperial Period and Late Antiquity: the pluralization of the notion of philosophy, which took on multiple new aspects in the context of intense conflict between the culture of antiquity and Christianity.
The treatise known as book Lambda of Aristotle’s Metaphysics has become one of the most debated issues of recent scholarship. Aristotle adresses here fundamental questions of his theory of substance, his idea of causes and principles, and his concept of motions. Furthermore, the importance of the text is due to the fact that it contains an outline of what was traditionally understood as Aristotle’s theology.